Вибір перерізу проводів та визначення граничної довжини повітряних трифазних ліній напругою 220/380 В

Abstract

When designing power supply systems, it is necessary to select the cross section of the wires and determine their max-imum length. According to the PUE, the choice of wire cross-sections of lines for different power supply systems must be carried out according to two technical conditions ― the heating condition with a check for allowable voltage loss. The aim of this work is to obtain the calculated dependences of voltage losses on the active load power and power factor to simplify and accelerate the choice of the cross section of the wires of three-phase overhead lines with a voltage of 380/220 V. Calcu-lations of losses of phase voltage and limiting length of three-phase lines from active power of loading for wires of brands of the AC for values of power factors cos0,8ϕ=and cos0,9ϕ= are carried out. Calculations show that for a given range of loads, the operating currents do not exceed the long-term allowable load currents. Combined dependence graphs are con-structedvoltage losses per 1 km of three-phase line, attributed to the phase voltage, which allow with the least amount of time to choose the cross section of the wires of the three-phase overhead power line for a given voltage loss. Combined graphs of the dependence of the limiting lengths of lines made of steel-aluminum wires of different cross-sections on the load power at the value of at the value of the allowable voltage loss of 5 %. For ease of use, the graphs are built for two ranges of load power: (1…10) kW and (10…30) kW. Similarly, the dependences of the limiting length of three-phase lines for cos0,9ϕ= can be constructed .Based on the results of the calculations, the graphical dependences of the phase vol-tage loss and the limit length of the lines on the active load power for three-phase overhead lines made of SIP-2 wire for power factors cos0,8ϕ= and cos1ϕ=were constructed. The calculated expressions for the selection of the cross section of the wires of four-wire overhead lines with several loads are given. An algorithm is proposed and calculated dependences for determining the limiting length of four - wire overhead lines with evenly distributed load are given. It is shown that the limiting length of a line with evenly distributed load can be determined through the limiting length of a line with a load at the end depending on the number of electrical receivers on the line.