Використання UAV (дронів) для оптимізації доставки останньої милі

Abstract

This article is dedicated to the analysis of drone usage in logistics systems, particularly for optimizing "last-mile" delivery — a critical stage in the supply chain that significantly impacts the efficiency and speed of order fulfillment. The review covers the main advantages of utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), including reduced delivery time, optimized transportation costs, reduced CO₂ emissions, and increased environmental sustainability. The study presents the prospects of drones in the context of the growing demand for fast and flexible logistics solutions due to the rise of e-commerce and increasing consumer expectations for timely delivery. At the same time, the article highlights a number of challenges that accompany the integration of drones into traditional logistics systems. Specific attention is given to technical limitations such as flight range and limited payload capacity, as well as regulatory barriers related to flight safety in urban areas and the need for legislative updates. Another important aspect is the training of personnel for working with new technologies and the development of infrastructure that will allow drones to be effectively integrated into existing supply chains. Practical cases such as the implementation of Amazon Prime Air, Zipline, and Wing drones demonstrate how drones are already transforming delivery in various regions, ensuring time savings and cost reductions in remote or hard-to-reach areas. Specifically, drones are used for delivering medical supplies, food, and small-sized goods, helping to solve congestion issues and enhance the efficiency of urban logistics systems. The article also examines modern technologies supporting drone use, including artificial intelligence, route optimization algorithms, integration with ground transportation, and the development of drone "hives" as charging and service stations. The authors emphasize the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the development and implementation of drones in logistics, which will overcome existing barriers and maximize the benefits of this technology. In conclusion, the main directions for future research are outlined: improvement of battery technologies, development of standards for regulating drone air traffic, implementation of new models of cooperation between companies and the state, and increasing the social acceptance of drones among the public. These conclusions have the potential to revolutionize the logistics sector, making it more flexible, sustainable, and adapted to modern challenges.