Особливості впливу технічного вуглецю на формування структури та фізико-механічних характеристик пінополістиролбетонних блоків

Abstract

A working hypothesis is proposed for the development of a new thermal insulation building material based on cement (C), expanded polystyrene (EPS), carbon black (CB), and a foaming agent (FA). The relevance of lightweight composite concretes under the current conditions of reconstruction and modernization of Ukraine’s construction industry is substantiated. Special attention is paid to improving energy efficiency, reducing material consumption, lowering the dead weight of structures, and increasing the durability and thermal performance of building materials. The application of innovative lightweight composites is considered a promising direction for sustainable and resource-efficient construction technologies. The structural features and properties of expanded polystyrene concrete as an effective material for energy-efficient building envelopes are analyzed. The advantages of combining a cement matrix with lightweight polymer fillers are considered, allowing a balance between thermal insulation and sufficient mechanical strength. The influence of carbon black on the structure formation of cement composites is investigated. It is established that carbon black contributes to the densification of the cement stone microstructure, improves the interphase contact zone between the binder and filler, and enhances the physical and mechanical properties of the composite. The advantages of carbon black as a dispersed microfiller capable of increasing compressive strength, density, crack resistance, and structural homogeneity are identified. The positive characteristics of expanded polystyrene as a lightweight thermal insulation filler are highlighted, particularly its ability to reduce density and improve thermal resistance. The role of the foaming agent in forming a porous structure and reducing composite weight is also examined. Based on the analysis of current studies, it is established that the optimal carbon black content ensures the formation of a homogeneous, stable, and durable composite system with improved thermal and эксплуатаційними properties.