Системи цивільного захисту як складова міського планування: проблемні аспекти, стан впровадження та перспективи формування стійких міст у воєнний і післявоєнний періоди

Abstract

The article examines the role of civil protection systems as an integral component of the planning structure of modern cities under wartime and post-war challenges. The study outlines key problematic aspects of integrating civil protection infrastructure and measures into urban planning models, including the fragmentation of existing approaches, insufficient regulatory coherence, spatial constraints, outdated technical solutions, and the low adaptability of urban systems to high-dynamics risks. The paper provides an overview of the current state of implementation of engineering protection structures, shelters, early warning systems, evacuation and transport solutions, and digital safety management platforms in cities affected by military actions. Based on the analysis of urban planning practices and existing results in the field of resilient urban development, the article identifies factors limiting the effective interaction between spatial urban development and civil protection systems. The necessity of transitioning toward an integrated planning model that combines security, social, engineering, and functional-spatial components is substantiated. The study proposes key directions for further development, including the modernization of the regulatory framework, the application of risk-oriented approaches, the development of digital threat-monitoring infrastructures, the strengthening of multidisciplinary cooperation, and the formation of adaptive, multifunctional, and resilient urban environments. The results of the research contribute to establishing conceptual and applied foundations for improving urban planning during wartime and post-war recovery, as well as enhancing the safety, resilience, and viability of Ukrainian cities.