Можливість існування та спостереження чорних дір у рамках сучасної астрофізики

Abstract

The work focuses on black holes — extreme cosmic objects, their characteristics, and observation techniques. Stellar, intermediate, and supermassive black holes, accretion disks, and wormholes are considered. Special attention is given to the first direct image of the M87 black hole event horizon (Event Horizon Telescope, 2019) and modern spectroscopy and telescopic methods for determining mass, spin, and energy characteristics. The study emphasizes the importance of black holes for testing general relativity, understanding galaxy evolution, analyzing gravitational waves, and advancing astrophysics.