Аналіз методів очищення інфільтрату сміттєзвалищ

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the possibilities of using various methods of landfill leachate treatment, including biological, physicochemical, membrane, and hybrid approaches. The main parameters and characteristics of landfill leachate are presented in detail, allowing for a better understanding of its complex and variable composition. Based on an extensive review of the scientific literature, the study identifies and systematizes treatment methods that are currently available and applicable in Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the practical implementation of these methods, and the results are examined using real-life examples of leachate and similar wastewater treatment processes. The effectiveness of each method is evaluated, with a clear presentation of their advantages and disadvantages under different operating conditions. Furthermore, the methods are compared according to key indicators such as biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen concentration, and the presence of heavy metals. This comparative analysis allows for a more objective assessment of their performance and suitability. The study also considers the influence of landfill age on leachate composition and, consequently, on the efficiency of treatment methods. A classification of landfills by age is provided, along with an analysis of how this factor affects leachate formation and properties. In addition, the bacteriological characteristics of landfill leachate are examined in detail, including the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria, pathogens, fungi, and other microbial communities. The environmental impact of leachate and the associated risks are identified and discussed. Based on the conducted analysis, the study concludes that hybrid treatment methods are the most appropriate option, as they combine the advantages of different approaches, offer greater flexibility, and demonstrate higher overall efficiency in treating landfill leachate under varying conditions.