Техногенне навантаження на довкілля Миколаївської області

Abstract

In assessing the state of the environment of the regions of Ukraine, the greatest attention is paid to the assessment of the level of pollution of natural environments. When assessing the level of anthropogenic environmental load, the load indices for its individual components are not usually separated. Most estimates are based on identifying indicators that determine the overall level of load for the region (the environment of the region). The Mykolaiv region is a highly developed industrial region of the country, characterized by significant recreational potential. The purpose of the performed research is to evaluate the technogenic load on the environmental components of Mykolaiv region over a long period. The module of technogenic loading was calculated for evaluation. In order to assess the load on individual components of the environment, it is proposed to also calculate individual load modules for the air pool, water bodies, and geological environment. The dominant sources of pollutants emissions into the air are mobile sources. Since 2012, as the number of stationary sources has increased, emissions have been significantly reduced. From 2000 to 2011, there was an increase in technogenic load on the air pool with a predominant influence of mobile sources, from 2012 — a decrease due to both types of emission sources. The main polluters of the water resources of the region are water utilities. The maximum water consumption is noted for production needs, the minimum — for agricultural needs. Indicators of water intake, water use and wastewater discharges decreased. The volume of discharges of wastewater and pollutants has decreased the level of load. The waste generated in the region is dominated by IV hazard class waste. The amount of waste accumulated exceeds the amount of waste generated by an order of magnitude. There is a steady tendency to increase the accumulated waste in the region. Since 2011, there has been an increase in technogenic load on the geological environment by the amount of waste. The greatest technogenic loading of Mykolaiv region undergoes on indicators of discharges of sewage and formation of waste.