Оптимізація земляних робіт на основі інтеграції BIM- та ГІС-вишукувань у проектуванні автомобільних доріг

Abstract

Earthworks constitute a dominant share of the total cost of road construction and are highly sensitive to terrain morphology and alignment decisions. Conventional 2D methods based on longitudinal and cross-sections often fail to provide sufficient accuracy and do not support rapid comparison of design alternatives under complex topographic conditions. The growing adoption of BIM and GIS technologies creates new opportunities for improving earthwork planning; however, the lack of a unified and validated workflow for their integrated use limits practical implementation. Goal. The aim of the study is to substantiate and test an integrated methodological approach to earthwork optimization in road design through the combined use of GIS-based analysis in QGIS and parametric BIM modelling in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Methodology. The research is based on the development of an iterative algorithm that integrates digital terrain model (DTM) preparation, parametric corridor modelling, and raster-based surface comparison. High-resolution terrain data obtained from LiDAR, UAV photogrammetry, or topographic surveys are processed in a GIS environment to ensure coordinate consistency and data quality. The road corridor is then modelled parametrically in a BIM environment, followed by bidirectional data exchange (LandXML/TIN) and independent volume calculations in both environments with subsequent validation. Results. An algorithmic workflow for earthwork optimization was formalized and systematized. The study demonstrates that preliminary GIS analysis enables early identification of terrain constraints and supports the selection of rational alignment options, while BIM modelling ensures detailed quantitative assessment. The combined approach improves transparency of calculations and reduces the number of design iterations. Originality. The scientific novelty lies in the structured integration of GIS-based terrain analytics with BIM corridor modelling into a unified, verifiable workflow focused specifically on earthwork optimization and crossenvironment validation. Practical value. The proposed approach can be applied in the design and reconstruction of highways, feasibility studies, and transport infrastructure planning, contributing to improved accuracy of earthwork estimates, reduced design time, and better-informed engineering decisions.