Оцінка зайнятості в сільському господарстві України

Abstract

The article estimates the employment of the population of Ukraine in agriculture. The problems of the agro-industrial complex and peculiarities of the labor market and unemployment in the agrarian sector are investigated. The main factors affecting employment in the agricultural sector have been identified. The reasons for the redistribution of labor agricultural enterprises to private peasant farms are identified. On the basis of the results of surveys of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the analysis of scientific works of scientists, the characteristics of employment of economically active pop- ulation of Ukraine are given, the negative tendencies that have emerged in the sphere of employment of the population in agriculture are revealed. Main reasons of employment of rural population is: labour migration of highly skilled rural workers; high level of death rate of rural population and low level of birth-rate of peasants; development of shadow employment; high enough unemployment rate; low level of employment and profits of rural population; a decline of social sphere is on a village; absence of industrial, processing enterprises in rural locality and row other. Quantitative and qualitative indi- cators of rural society employment have been analyzed. Rural employment features are highlighted, which include limited employment opportunities, low wages, rising social tensions and labor migra- tion. Measures are proposed to diversify the rural economy, which will allow to expand the scope of employment, create new jobs, improve the state of social infrastructure. Therefore the important task of creation of such socio-economic environment, which would stimulate introduction in practice of complex strategy of forming of employment of rural population and socio-economic development of village, stands before science and practice. The development of organic agriculture in the countries of the world has shown a number benefits for rural areas that can be realized in Ukraine as well: job creation in rural areas; improving the functioning of small farms through diversification of agricultural products; increase of income of agricultural enterprises and, as a consequence, increase of budgets of rural communities, other positive social shifts, which is extremely important for the state.