Альтернативна енергетика. Повідомлення IV. Селективне очищення гідравлічної оливи AW-46

Abstract

The feasibility and necessity of mineral oil regeneration is substantiated. Data on the amount of waste oils in Ukraine is provided. It is noted that the total volume of lubricants used in the world is 41.5 million tons, which consumes a significant part of crude oil as a source of fossil energy. The dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere is presented, the increase in emissions of which is associated with the extraction of fossil resources, production and use of energy in the main sectors of human activity. It is shown that the implementation of the 3R’s principle (Reduce-ReuseRecycle) in relation to industrial waste within the framework of a circular economy is a significant lever for significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the introduction of one of these components – Recycle – allows the regeneration of used industrial, motor and other oils with their subsequent effective use. Method of sorption purification/regeneration of used hydraulic oil AW-46 using a regenerated sorbent consisting of activated carbon (AC) and kieselguhr (K) has been developed. The optimal technological parameters of the process have been established: sorbent: oil ratio = 1 : 10; temperature 50…60 °C; time 30…35 minutes. Physicochemical characteristics of the regenerated oil AW-46 have been determined, which indicate the high efficiency of the mixed sorbent used. Methods of utilization of the mixed sorbent used after regeneration of AW-46 oil have been investigated. It has been shown that the extraction method for the removal of organic pollutants is multi-stage, material- and energy-consuming. The possibility of using low-temperature pyrolysis for the regeneration of the used sorbent without its preliminary treatment has been established. Within the framework of the circular economy, the technology of a closed-loop processing of waste from the food (regenerated mixed sorbent) and machine-building (hydraulic oil AW-46) industries for the subsequent production of multifunctional plastic lubricants has been investigated. General technological scheme for the processing of such waste is given. It is shown that regenerated hydraulic oil AW-46 can be used as a liquid base for plastic lubricants.