Підривні інновації як технологічні нововведення

Abstract

The article considers the essence of the concept of disruptive innovations and their classification by providing examples that substantiate each of the selected species. In recent years, innovation has become synonymous with the development of rapid technological progress. The use of innovative technologies and modern models of the innovation process allows companies to be one step ahead of their competitors. According to Clayton Christensen's theory, innovative industry technologies that appear on the market from time to time can lead to technological destruction of existing technologies and change the value ratio of consumers. These technologies are called subversive. Subversive innovations start a new technological cycle of product production and, thus, destroy the existing basic technology. Subversive innovations are usually produced by third-party entrepreneurs in startups, rather than existing market leaders. The business environment of market leaders does not allow them to apply destructive innovations when they first emerge because they are initially unprofitable and because their development may take up scarce resources to support innovation (necessary to compete with current competition). Small teams are more likely to create destructive innovations than large teams. The process of destruction may take longer than the traditional approach, and the risk associated with it is higher than other, more gradual or evolutionary forms of innovation, but once it is introduced to the market, it achieves much faster penetration and a higher degree of impact. to established markets. In addition to business and economics, innovative innovations can also be seen as destroying complex systems, including economic and business aspects. By identifying and analyzing systems for possible intervention points, changes can then be developed that focus on destructive interventions. Clayton Christensen explains that disruptive innovation is a process of redistribution of resources, changing tastes and preferences of consumers and potential customers, constant changes in technology. The author of the theory generalizes that as a result of this process the goods and services created with application of technologies receive, and their advantage - in availability and the lower price. The new product first receives a small market share, which, growing gradually, displaces large players. The theory of disruptive innovation helps the company to choose a development strategy, to predict the behavior of competitors and their own company