Вібраційне та віброударне навантаження при механічних випробуваннях деталей і вузлів машин

Abstract

Purpose. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the operation of parts and components of machines, a scientifically grounded method and type of mechanical testing with the help of vibrating and vibro-impact loading is formed. Methodology. The changes in the parameters of vibration and vibro-impact loads on test objects and their reaction are characterized. The effectiveness of applying external influences of a certain type is estimated using the initial simplified linear model, in which structural elements with different resonant frequencies are indicated. The types and methods of testing are analyzed on the basis of the initial requirements for the operability of the system under test or the strength of its elements, with an analysis of the feasibility of testing methods on existing test equip-ment and evaluating their effectiveness. The conditions for the mechanical testing of parts and machine components based on the volume and content of data on the test facility, the conditions of its operation, and the availability of test equipment are justified. Findings. The closest to real conditions is the use of stochastic power loads, which accurately reflect the actual operating conditions. However, because of the great laboriousness and significant costs for the manu-facture of special test equipment for their implementation, the alternative is to use the power load to test objects of complex (complex) impacts. Originality. To use shock loads of complex (complex) forms on the original bench equipment, the most effective modes of mechanical testing are determined. Practical value. Recommendations are developed for the implementation of mechanical testing modes, which realize various operating conditions for parts and components of machines. Conclusions. Realization of mechanical tests close to real conditions with a high degree of reliability is realized in production conditions on efficient small-sized vibration stands with a hydroimpulse drive. References 12, figures 5.