Аналіз ролі електромобілів у декарбонізації транспортного сектору та супутніх інфраструктурних обмежень

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of electric vehicles in the processes of decarbonization of the transport sector and identifies the main barriers to their mass implementation. It is established that the electrification of transport is a key tool in combating climate change, as it allows for a significant reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions and improves the environmental situation in cities. It is proven that the greatest environmental effect is achieved when electric transport is integrated with renewable energy sources. At the same time, the study identified a number of critical challenges, including: insufficient expansion of the charging infrastructure, which causes “range anxiety” among users; the need to modernize power grids to avoid peak loads; and the high cost of batteries along with the problem of their subsequent disposal. It is substantiated that overcoming these obstacles requires systematic state support, the development of a circular economy, and international standardization of technologies to ensure sustainable development of mobility.