Термодинаміка та фізика процесів згоряння в двигуні внутрішнього згоряння

Abstract

The article investigates the physical principles of fuel combustion in internal combustion engines (ICE) from the standpoint of thermodynamics and reaction kinetics. Otto and Diesel cycles are analyzed with emphasis on entropy changes, heat transfer, and energy losses. The effects of pressure, temperature, fuel composition, and turbulence on combustion rate, efficiency, and stability are discussed. Physical recommendations for process optimization are provided to increase efficiency and reduce losses.