Аналіз сучасних підходів до оцінювання впливу мікроклімату на функціональний стан людини

Abstract

The article reviews and systematically analyzes modern approaches to assessing the impact of indoor microclimate on a person's functional state. The microclimate is considered as a multifactorial system that includes parameters of the thermal environment and air quality, and their indirect impact on a person's physiological, psychological and cognitive state is analyzed. Methods for assessing functional state are summarized, including subjective (questionnaires of thermal sensation, comfort and acceptability), objective (physiological indicators of thermoregulation, cardiovascular and nervous systems) and productive (cognitive tests). Mathematical models of thermal comfort are considered in detail, in particular the model of the predicted mean vote PMV/PPD and adaptive models used in international standards. A critical analysis of their limitations associated with the averaged approach, disregard for individual diversity and the complexity of application in mixed-type premises is conducted. Promising directions of development are outlined, based on personalized models using machine learning algorithms and wearable sensors, as well as on integrated consideration of thermal comfort and air quality. The obtained generalizations can be used to improve microclimate control systems and increase human comfort, health, and cognitive performance in working and domestic premises.