Методологічні підходи до формування тарифної політики у сфері міського паркування

Abstract

The article examines the formation of tariff policy in the field of paid parking as a mechanism for regulating urban transport demand and effective use of limited parking space. The relevance of the study is due to the growth of motorization in Ukrainian cities, uneven development of the street and road network and overloading of transport infrastructure, which requires scientifically sound approaches to setting tariffs that can combine economic feasibility and regulatory functions. The paper analyzes scientific sources and regulatory acts that establish a mechanism for differentiating paid parking tariffs and applying coefficients to optimize parking space occupancy. Foreign experience is analyzed, in particular, the use of a zonal approach, differentiation of tariffs by parking duration and time of day, as well as adjustment coefficients that take into account demand and location of the site. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of a methodology for determining the demand coefficient for a parking lot at the stage of system launch, when there is no empirical data on occupancy. The proposed predictive and analytical approach involves assessing the transport activity of the territory, the functional attractiveness of the zone and urban planning restrictions using a weighted factor model. An approach to calculating the total unmet demand, daily and hourly demand coefficients is presented, which allows predicting the intensity of parking space use and justifying the amount of tariffs before the implementation of the paid system. The practical significance of the study lies in the creation of a comprehensive approach to tariff formation, which provides an economically justified, transparent and adaptive policy of paid parking, contributes to increasing the efficiency of urban transport infrastructure and the financial capacity of territorial communities. The proposed methodology can be used by local governments when planning new parking systems.