Методи та засоби аналізу втрат електроенергії в розподільних електричних мережах з використанням пристроїв Smart Metering

Abstract

The task of calculating and analyzing technical losses of electricity in electrical networks and structuring them in different planes objectively differs from many calculation and analytical problems. After all, this provides a basis for planning measures for energy efficiency of energy supply companies. An important aspect of structuring electricity losses is the formation of element-by-element structure of electricity losses tied to the period of operation of network elements, as well as analysis to determine the local cells with the greatest impact on total electricity losses. It is possible to estimate the economically justified level of commercial losses only by determining them from the structure of the electricity balance. The increase in the commercial component depends on the increase in profits of energy supply companies, ie this area is quite relevant and promising in terms of development and implementation of software, in particular, using databases and information systems. It is shown that the insufficiency of measurements of mode parameters of distribution networks with renewable energy sources can be compensated with acceptable accuracy using information from typical data sets and information on electricity supply with automated systems of commercial electricity metering. 3. The use of Smart Metering devices, aggregated information of automated systems of commercial electricity metering and pseudo-measurements allows to perform calculations for targeted determination of electricity losses and creates preconditions for their inclusion in the tariff for the final consumer. When calculating the retail tariff for electricity, different price indicators, the amount of subsidies and the volume of electricity purchases on the balancing market, etc. are taken into account. In addition, the formula for calculating retail tariffs for electricity supply contains elements of stimulating the supply of electricity to the population. As a result of the government's policy of providing universal benefits to all households in the form of an undervalued price, electricity tariffs account for only about 30% of the weighted average retail tariff. The low percentage of reimbursement of costs leads to the fact that companies operating in the electricity sector incur financial losses. This situation requires a decision on the targeted inclusion of the cost of distribution of electricity in the tariff for the final consumer. Separation in the structure of the electricity balance of the value of the distribution cost for each metering object is possible by applying typical schedules of power losses (TSPL) formed on the basis of network assessment, matrix of distribution coefficients and root mean square error in variable losses. Therefore, the robot proposes a method of forming typical graphs of electricity losses in 10 (6) kV electrical distribution networks based on the results of assessing the state of networks and a matrix of loss distribution coefficients. 4. Using the mathematical apparatus of sensitivity analysis and multicriteria analysis, the method of optimizing the location and sequence of implementation of Smart Metering electricity metering devices in 10 (6) kV distribution networks has been improved. It is shown that the use of the method helps to reduce capital investment and operating costs by considering the technical features of networks, as well as the sensitivity of the network mode parameters to the installation bus of Smart Metering. The use of the principle of minimax makes it possible to obtain information on the current efficiency of the measuring medium ASCEM, namely to rank the fragments of the electrical network according to the set of proposed criteria, considering the importance of each of them. Therefore, the obtained solution is effective in terms of solving the problems of ASCEM and, at the same time, maximally adapted to the implementation.