Система керування сонячним повітряним колектором

Abstract

The article presents the development of the intelligent IoT-system for controlling an air solar collector, designed to increase the energy efficiency of heating and ventilation of premises and ensure safe microclimate parameters. The relevance of the study is due to the increase in the cost of energy resources, the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the presence of significant solar potential in Ukraine (average annual GHI indicator of about 1200 kWh/m²), which creates favorable conditions for the implementation of air solar collectors. Modern commercial solutions were analyzed and it was found that most of them have limited automation capabilities and do not provide full remote monitoring and protection against the risk of condensation. The architecture of the system is proposed based on a microcontroller with connection of temperature, relative humidity and CO₂ concentration sensors, as well as a GSM/NB-IoT modem for data transmission to the cloud environment using secure protocols (TLS, AES). Special attention is paid to the algorithm for preventing condensation formation by calculating the dew point temperature according to the Magnus–Tetens formula and implementing decision-making logic based on comparing temperature and humidity parameters. The system operates in three modes: “heating and dehumidification”, “urgent ventilation” and “protection/idleness”, which provides adaptive response to changing conditions in the room and the external environment. A mobile application is provided for real-time monitoring of indicators and remote control. Mechanisms for device authentication, data encryption and autonomous operation in case of loss of communication are implemented. The system is powered by a 12 V DC voltage source with battery backup and BMS, which ensures continuity of operation. The results obtained confirm the feasibility of using the developed system for upgrading the existing air-based solar collectors and implementing it in residential and small commercial facilities to increase energy efficiency and improve indoor air quality.