Логістичні моделі оптимізації процесу забезпечення підприємства матеріальними ресурсами

Abstract

The article examines the peculiarities of optimizing the process of providing enterprises with material resources based on the complex use of logistic models. The need to quickly respond to the needs of consumers, which are constantly changing, caused increased interest in this issue both in scientific circles and in the applied sense. The tasks of ensuring the efficiency of material flows can be conventionally divided into those related to the movement of production and technical products, and tasks related to the movement of goods. To solve these problems, the article proposes to use modeling methods that involve the definition of the objective function. Having this data and information about the input parameters of the material flow, it is possible to obtain a solution to the problem with the highest level of efficiency. The article systematizes a number of logistical problems related to material flows that are typical for most enterprises. The problem of choosing the optimal order size using the Harris (Wilson) formula is considered in detail on the example of real data. According to this model, total costs should be minimal, the occupied volume of the warehouse should not exceed the actual volume of the warehouse, and the costs of purchase and storage should not exceed the available budget of the enterprise. Also, the solution to the problem of choosing a "Make-or-Buy" raw material supply system was implemented: to buy or to manufacture independently. Solving the "Make-or-Buy" problem allows you to make quick decisions when changing the production capabilities of both the manufacturer and the supplier. At the same time, the main goal remains cost minimization. Both problems were implemented using MS Excel "Solution Search" tools and have appropriate graphic support. Thus, having the input parameters of the problem and the objective function, the considered models allow generating mathematically justified and effective management decisions. The use of information technologies significantly accelerates and facilitates the process of using the specified models and allows creating a system of constant monitoring of changes in the company's needs for material resources.