Цифровізація сільського господарства: виклики і можливості для фермерських господарств

Abstract

The article examines the essence of digitization. It was determined that, taking into account the specifics of the activities of farms in crop production, it is advisable to use such digital solutions as: mobile applications for managing farms, IoT solutions, information systems for planning crops and crop management, drones, automated irrigation systems that help increase productivity, optimizing the use of resources, minimizing the negative impact on the environment. It has been proven that the use of digital tools by farmers, such as mobile applications for livestock management, IoT systems for monitoring the health of farm animals, RFID systems for tracking farm animals, automated feeding systems, video surveillance of farm animals, automated milking systems, increases the productivity of farm animals, improves the quality of livestock products, optimizes management processes, and contributes to the welfare of farm animals. The article analyzes the challenges faced by farms in the implementation of digital technologies, in particular: financial, economic, human resources, infrastructure, cybersecurity, technological, socio-cultural, regulatory, political, institutional, which slow down the process of digital transformation of farms, forcing them to seek compromises between the possibilities of innovation and the realities of doing business. The possibilities of digitization for farms are revealed: increasing productivity and efficiency (precision farming, automation of processes); optimization of resource management (reduction of costs for fertilizers and pesticides, effective management of water resources); improving the quality of products (using technologies to ensure quality, ensuring product traceability); sustainable management of resources (environmentally sustainable production, resource-saving technologies); improving management and decision-making (farm management information systems, mobile applications and platforms). Taking advantage of digitalization opportunities will allow farmers to increase economic efficiency, improve product quality, and ensure sustainable growth, so that farming becomes more productive and environmentally responsible