Ціннісні пріоритети та вибір спеціальності: ймовірнісний аналіз гендерних відмінностей серед абітурієнтів

Abstract

emphasis on gender differences among applicants. Given the persistent gender gap in the distribution of fields of study, value orientations, according to Schwartz's theory, are one of the key motivational mechanisms explaining women's preference for ‘caring’ and socially oriented professions and men's preference for technical, engineering, and entrepreneurial fields. The theoretical basis of Schwartz's model (10 basic values, 4 higher dimensions), empirical patterns of gender differences (meta-analyses 2020–2025) and their connection with the choice of specialisation through multinomial logistic regression and structural equation models. The main areas of influence are outlined: high values of benevolence and universalism increase the likelihood of choosing pedagogy, psychology, and medicine (OR 2.8–5.6 for women), while achievement, power, and stimulation correlate with technical specialties in men (OR for women 0.12–0.7). The value factor is identified as an explanatory mechanism for 45–65% of the gender gap, exacerbated in Ukraine by war and crisis conditions, and the need to take value differences into account in career guidance programmes, education policy and interventions to reduce the imbalance in STEM fields.