Науково-технічні основи проектування приводів робочих органів машин для збирання та первинної переробки твердих побутових відходів

Abstract

The dissertation is devoted to solving the problem of developing scientific and technical bases for designing drives of working bodies of machines for the collection and primary processing of municipal solid waste. System research and analysis al-lowed us to identify the main structural components of the processes of collection and primary processing of municipal solid waste: collection, primary processing, loading into vehicles with optimization of their density according to the criterion of transpor-tation efficiency and methods of further handling of them, transportation, unloading. The interdependencies analysis of municipal solid waste characteristics and the main design and power parameters of the working bodies drives of machines is carried out. For each of the stages, generalized mathematical models of the working bodies drives of machines are developed and studied. The working processes in the drives of the working bodies of the machines are modeled, taking into account their interaction with municipal solid waste at each technological operation. The adequacy of the models and the convergence of the results are confirmed. The results of modeling and research of vibration drives using a pressure pulse generator of relay differential ac-tion allowed us to intensify the working processes in the drives of the working bodies of machines. A complex of experimental and theoretical studies was carried out, new and improved existing circuit diagrams of working bodies drives of machines for the collection and primary processing of municipal solid waste were developed, the de-sign of a pressure pulse generator of relay differential action for the intensification of vibration processes in the working bodies of municipal machines was improved, and also developed scientifically-based methods of design calculation of the drives para-meters for dewatering and grinding of municipal solid waste during their preliminary compaction when loading into the body of a dustcart, mounted sweeping equipment of a dustcart with a regulated group hydraulic drive with one hydraulic pump, estab-lished rational ratios of the design parameters of machines in other technological op-erations. The results of the developments were implemented in the production and educational process and found their application in the experimental model of the me-chanism of dewatering and grinding of municipal solid waste during their preliminary compaction. The use of the proposed new ratios of design parameters made it possi-ble to significantly improve the technical and economic performance of the dustcart as a whole (the expected fuel economy per dustcart was more than 178 liters/year) and the reliability of the drives by improving the quality of transients.