Метод і ультразвуковий засіб вимірювального контролю витрат плинних середовищ
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Метод и ультразвуковое средство измерительно- го контроля расходов текучих сред
Method and ultrasonic mean of measurement control for flowing medium flowrate
Method and ultrasonic mean of measurement control for flowing medium flowrate
Анотація
Робота присвячена розв’язанню важливої науково-практичної задачі підвищення точності та вірогідності вимірювального контролю витрат плинних середовищ на основі використання ультразвукового амплітудно-частотного методу. В роботі проаналізовано сучасний стан методів та засобів вимірювального контролю витрат плинних середовищ, виявлено їх переваги та недоліки. Запропоновано математичну модель поширення ультразвукової хвилі в плинному середовищі. Запропоновано ультразвуковий амплітудно-частотний метод вимірювання швидкості потоку, який полягає у визначенні резонансної частоти ультразвукової хвилі. Розроблено математичну модель ультразвукового вимірювального перетворювача швидкості плинних середовищ, засіб вимірювального контролю витрат природного газу, який може бути застосований в газопроводах невеликого діаметру. Проведено аналіз результатів експериментальних досліджень засобу вимірювального контролю витрат плинних середовищ, отримано аналітичні залежності статичних метрологічних характеристик та оцінено впливні величини на вимірювальний канал засобу контролю.
Работа посвящена решению важной научно-практической задачи повышения точности и достоверности измерительного контроля расхода текучих сред на основе использования ультразвукового амплитудно-частотного метода. В работе проанализировано современное состояние методов и средств измерительного контроля расхода текучих сред, выявлены их преимущества и недостатки. Предложено математическую модель распространения ультразвуковой волны в текучей среде, ультразвуковой амплитудно-частотный метод измерения скорости потока, который заключается в определении резонансной частоты ультразвуковой волны. Разработана математическая модель ультразвукового измерительного преобразователя скорости текучих сред, средство измерительного контроля расхода природного газа, которое может быть применено в газопроводах небольшого диаметра. Проведен анализ результатов экспериментальных исследований средства измерительного контроля расхода текучих сред, получены аналитические зависимости статических метрологических характеристик и оценены влияние величины на измерительные каналы средства контроля.
The thesis paper is concerned with solving an important scientific and practical task of increasing the accuracy and probability of flowing medium flow rate measuring control based on the use of ultrasonic amplitude-frequency method. The present state of methods and means of measurement control for flowing medium flowrate is analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages are revealed. Such method is ultrasonic method, which despite disadvantages has many advantages over other methods, such as: zero lag and contactless of measurement; the absence of moving parts in the flow and pressure losses in the pipelines. The mathematical model of the ultrasonic wave propagation in a fluid medium is proposed, which describes the behavior of the signal in the near zone due to changes in the frequency and flow velocity. It is established that the density of the flowing medium and its temperature, significantly influences the magnitude of the output signal and for natural gas the adiabatic index and the compressibility factor of gas. An ultrasonic amplitude-frequency method for measuring the flow velocity is proposed, which consists in determining the resonance frequency of an ultrasonic wave, that is uniquely associated with the velocity of the flowing medium, which corresponds to the last diffractive maximum of the near zone. This approach has allowed to reduce the zone of insensitivity and thereby to increase the accuracy and probability of measurement control of flowing medium and use it as a mean of measurement control for flowing medium flowrate in conduits with small cross-section. The mathematical model of the ultrasonic measuring transducer of the flowing medium velocity was developed and the obtained dependency was simulated, from which it is evident that the dependence of the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic wave on the flow velocity does not depend on the flow direction. The dependence of the change in the frequency of the ultrasonic signal from time is obtained, that is results in high response speed. The device for measurement control of natural gas flowrate was developed, which can be applied in gas pipelines with small diameter (from 25 mm) and in conditions of sharp change of flowrate. The simulation of this device was carried out, based on the equivalent scheme of the measuring transducer with the bandpass filter. The simulation results showed the adequacy the proposed method. The reaction time of the system on the frequency change of the generator was estimated. The algorithm of measurement control of flowrate is given. The analysis results of experimental studies of the mean of measurement control for flowing medium flowrate has been carried out, which showed the convergence of theoretical and experimental characteristics. Model error does not exceed 10%. The dependences of the general law of the distribution of the measurement error of the flow velocity measurement are given and it is established that the distribution law is normal. The errors of the first α = 0.035 and the second kind β = 0.0028 ÷ 0.0002 were calculated. The probability of acceptance by mean of measurement control of the correct result is 0.96, which is 1% higher than that of known means. The analytical dependences of static metrological characteristics were obtained and the influence values on the measurement channel of the control instrument were estimated. It has been established that the measurement error value does not exceed 1%.
Работа посвящена решению важной научно-практической задачи повышения точности и достоверности измерительного контроля расхода текучих сред на основе использования ультразвукового амплитудно-частотного метода. В работе проанализировано современное состояние методов и средств измерительного контроля расхода текучих сред, выявлены их преимущества и недостатки. Предложено математическую модель распространения ультразвуковой волны в текучей среде, ультразвуковой амплитудно-частотный метод измерения скорости потока, который заключается в определении резонансной частоты ультразвуковой волны. Разработана математическая модель ультразвукового измерительного преобразователя скорости текучих сред, средство измерительного контроля расхода природного газа, которое может быть применено в газопроводах небольшого диаметра. Проведен анализ результатов экспериментальных исследований средства измерительного контроля расхода текучих сред, получены аналитические зависимости статических метрологических характеристик и оценены влияние величины на измерительные каналы средства контроля.
The thesis paper is concerned with solving an important scientific and practical task of increasing the accuracy and probability of flowing medium flow rate measuring control based on the use of ultrasonic amplitude-frequency method. The present state of methods and means of measurement control for flowing medium flowrate is analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages are revealed. Such method is ultrasonic method, which despite disadvantages has many advantages over other methods, such as: zero lag and contactless of measurement; the absence of moving parts in the flow and pressure losses in the pipelines. The mathematical model of the ultrasonic wave propagation in a fluid medium is proposed, which describes the behavior of the signal in the near zone due to changes in the frequency and flow velocity. It is established that the density of the flowing medium and its temperature, significantly influences the magnitude of the output signal and for natural gas the adiabatic index and the compressibility factor of gas. An ultrasonic amplitude-frequency method for measuring the flow velocity is proposed, which consists in determining the resonance frequency of an ultrasonic wave, that is uniquely associated with the velocity of the flowing medium, which corresponds to the last diffractive maximum of the near zone. This approach has allowed to reduce the zone of insensitivity and thereby to increase the accuracy and probability of measurement control of flowing medium and use it as a mean of measurement control for flowing medium flowrate in conduits with small cross-section. The mathematical model of the ultrasonic measuring transducer of the flowing medium velocity was developed and the obtained dependency was simulated, from which it is evident that the dependence of the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic wave on the flow velocity does not depend on the flow direction. The dependence of the change in the frequency of the ultrasonic signal from time is obtained, that is results in high response speed. The device for measurement control of natural gas flowrate was developed, which can be applied in gas pipelines with small diameter (from 25 mm) and in conditions of sharp change of flowrate. The simulation of this device was carried out, based on the equivalent scheme of the measuring transducer with the bandpass filter. The simulation results showed the adequacy the proposed method. The reaction time of the system on the frequency change of the generator was estimated. The algorithm of measurement control of flowrate is given. The analysis results of experimental studies of the mean of measurement control for flowing medium flowrate has been carried out, which showed the convergence of theoretical and experimental characteristics. Model error does not exceed 10%. The dependences of the general law of the distribution of the measurement error of the flow velocity measurement are given and it is established that the distribution law is normal. The errors of the first α = 0.035 and the second kind β = 0.0028 ÷ 0.0002 were calculated. The probability of acceptance by mean of measurement control of the correct result is 0.96, which is 1% higher than that of known means. The analytical dependences of static metrological characteristics were obtained and the influence values on the measurement channel of the control instrument were estimated. It has been established that the measurement error value does not exceed 1%.
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прилади і методи контролю та визначення складу речовин , приборы и методы контроля и определения состава веществ , devices and methods of control and determination of substance composition , частотно модульований сигнал , вимірювальний контроль , природний газ , витратоміри , методи вимірювання , ультразвуковий вимірювальний перетворювач , ультразвуковий амплітудно-частотний метод , амплітудно-частотний витратомір , ближня зона , частотно модулированный сигнал , измерительный контроль , природный газ , расходомеры , методы измерения , ультразвуковой измерительный преобразователь , ультразвуковой амплитудно-частотный метод , амплитудно-частотный расходомер , ближняя зона , frequency modulated signal , measurement control , natural gas , flow meters , measurement methods , ultrasonic measuring transducer , ultrasonic amplitude-frequency method , amplitude-frequency flow meter , near zone
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Гладишевський М. В. Метод і ультразвуковий засіб вимірювального контролю витрат плинних середовищ [Текст] : автореф. дис. ... канд. техн. наук : 05.11.13 / Микола Володимирович Гладишевський ; Вінницький національний технічний університет. – Вінниця, 2018. – 27 с. - Бібліогр. : с. 20-22 (27 назв).