Формування ключових компетентностей здобувачів у контексті сталого розвитку під час навчання фізики

Abstract

The article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of developing students’ key competencies in physics education within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Physics, as a fundamental natural science discipline, plays a crucial role in shaping a scientific worldview, fostering critical thinking, and cultivating the ability to make informed decisions, in line with the principles of the "New Ukrainian School" reform. The concept of sustainable development is presented as a global strategy aimed at balancing economic, social, and environmental dimensions to meet the needs of present and future generations. The paper highlights the importance of physics education in promoting sustainable development through the study of renewable energy sources, the laws of energy conservation, efficient energy use, and the impact of technologies on the environment and society. It is argued that physics contributes to the development of scientific, engineering, mathematical, digital, environmental, and social competencies, as well as lifelong learning, teamwork, critical thinking, and responsible behavior. Special attention is given to research- and project-based learning, STEM education, interdisciplinary approaches, and digital technologies as effective tools for enhancing students’ competencies and ecological awareness. Based on the analysis of key Ukrainian and EU educational standards and policy documents, the authors emphasize the need for comprehensive integration of environmental education into the learning process. The article concludes that physics education is a powerful means of advancing sustainable development principles and fostering students’ responsible attitudes toward nature, rational resource use, and biosphere preservation. Finally, the authors propose ways to modernize the content and teaching methods of physics to better achieve the SDGs, preparing environmentally conscious citizens and future professionals capable of active participation in building a sustainable society.