Управління ефективністю перевезення зернових культур автомобільним транспортом на основі критеріального підходу

Abstract

The efficiency of harvesting largely depends on the quality of transportation services, which is characterized by a large volume of transportation in a short period of time. The high seasonality, limited harvesting time and poor technical condition of vehicles create significant difficulties in transporting grain from the combine to the granary. To ensure effective management of transport processes during grain transportation, it is necessary to use scientific approaches to optimize traffic flows and identify reserves to reduce costs in the field-transport-granary system, taking into account the dynamics of processes and initial data. It is this approach to managing the efficiency of grain transportation by road that was considered in this paper. The study provides a brief overview of the current aspects of grain transportation in Ukraine, technological, technical and organizational features of ensuring the efficiency of grain production processes. In order to improve production processes, it is proposed to use a two-stage scheme of grain transportation from the field to the consumer, which allows reducing the negative anthropogenic impact of motor vehicles and improving its quality and safety. The components of time costs in the operation of grain harvesting complexes are considered and evaluated. Based on the criterion approach, a solution to the problem of increasing the efficiency of grain transportation by road is proposed, which allows obtaining the volume of harvesting, transportation from each field to storage points, transportation routes with minimal costs, taking into account grain losses for each harvesting option, and reaching an overall positive optimization result, which will be the subject of further research.