Трансформація розвитку та напрями розбудови машинобудування України

Abstract

A thorough transformational study of pre-war development trends and an assessment of the impact of military operations on the development of the machine-building complex of Ukraine are carried out. It is determined that a rather difficult situation has developed in the machine-building complex of Ukraine due to a significant decline in production after 1990: the machine-build-ing industry reached a particularly critical level in terms of production in 1996, during 1997–1999, the dynamics of production was almost stable (23.2–29.6%); since 2000, production has been gradually increasing and in 2004 for the first time exceeded the value of 1990. The changes in the dynamics of machine-building production in 2022 after a full-scale invasion of Ukraine are particularly catastrophic. The author identifies the main problems faced by the Ukrainian machine-building industry during martial law: destruction of production facilities as a result of hostilities; destruction of energy and telecommunications infra-structure as a result of hostilities and rocket attacks; damage to the transport system, blocking of entire transport routes and sectors; decline in profits and deterioration of the financial and economic situation; shortage of personnel; and environmental degradation.The article reveals strategic directions and tools for the development of machine building in Ukraine: scaling up projects for the production of critical types of machine building products (special equipment, construction equipment, vehicles) by establishing cooperation between state and local authorities and manufacturers, as well as localisation of foreign-made equipment based on Ukrainian enterprises; strengthening ties between industry research institutions and technological units of the machine building sector in overcoming the problems of creating new materials and technologies, searching for and imple-menting original ideas for creating domestic brands following modern needs; supporting export activities and diversification of production, introducing incentive and compensation mechanisms at the state, regional and local levels; expanding domestic demand for domestic machine-building products in the post-war recovery

Здійснено ґрунтовне трансформаційне дослідження довоєнних тенденцій розвитку та оцінювання впливу військових дій на розвиток машинобудівного комплексу України. Відокремлено основні проблеми, з якими стикається українське машинобудування під час воєнного стану: руйнування виробничих об`єктів внаслідок військових дій; руйнування енергетичної, телекомунікаційної інфраструктури внаслідок бойових дій та ракетних обстрілів; пошкодження транспортної системи, блокування цілих напрямків та галузей транспорту; зниження прибутків та погіршення фінансово-економічного стану; дефіцит кадрів; погіршення стану навколишнього середовища. Розкрито стратегічні напрями та інструменти розбудови машинобудування в Україні.