Multispectral television monitoring of contamination of water objects by using macrophyte-based bioindication

Abstract

Bioindication quality of the aquatic environment can be carried out using of macrophytes, including duckweed (Lemna minor). The study recorded the following morphological deviation from the norm duckweed plants under the influence of pollutant: chlorosis, yellowing, wilting leaves, specific reaction. For the diagnosis of cell damage using vital staining method. To automate the calculation of parameters used bioindicators method multispectral television monitoring, which is to obtain a series of images using a CCD-camera at the characteristic wavelengths of pigments. For each pixel in the image is computed distance in the multi spectral space that allows to divide the image into three areas: free of duckweed water surface (A), the surface occupied by duckweed without damage (B), as well as the surface occupied by duckweed damaged as a result of exposure to toxic compounds in water (C). To evaluate the water quality in the river Snivoda following steps were performed: a sample in a petri dish containing 150-200 plants were divided by species. After sampling, it was estimated the number of plants of each species, the total number of shields, the number of shields with damages. To damage include black and white spots (necrosis), yellowing (chlorosis). After staining by safranin, we obtained a number of digital images using a CCD camera at characteristic wavelengths. According to the results it can be concluded that the water quality correspondence estimation "3" by 5-point scale in accordance to the characteristics of duckweed. Also determined toxicity index was equal to 17% according to the percent of plants stained.