Методичні аспекти реалізації міжпредметних зв’язків на уроках математики в початковій школі

Abstract

У статті розкрито зміст міжпредметних зв’язків на уроках математики, використання яких зумовлено цілісністю системи початкової освіти та водночас взаємозв’язком предметних та ключових компетентностей. З’ясовано, що практично орієнтовані задачі розкривають зв’язок математики з іншими предметами. Презентовано цікаві методи та прийоми роботи з молодшими школярами на уроках математики. Визначено, що конструювання інтегрованих уроків із встановленням міжпредметних зв’язків мають на меті спресувати споріднений матеріал кількох предметів навколо однієї теми. Запропоновано забезпечення міжпредметних зв’язків за допомогою проєктних технологій на уроках математики та наведено тематику відповідних проєктів.

The article discusses the content of interdisciplinary connections at mathematics, that resulted from the use of the integrity of the elementary education system and at the same time of the interconnection of subject and key competences. It is suggested to consider the interdisciplinary connections in mathematics teaching as a chain that combines the content of this subject with the content of other subjects in order to have a comprehensive understanding of those concepts, terms, properties, activities that are differently related and are elements of competences. Some ways of making interdisciplinary connections in the process of teaching mathematics in elementary school are highlighted, namely: the using of practical content tasks; designing the integrated lessons with interdisciplinary connections at the level of one educational field, separate subjects and courses from different educational fields; providing interdisciplinary connections through project-based technology at mathematics. It is found out that practically oriented tasks have revealed the connection between mathematics and other subjects. The requirements that should be taken into account by the teacher in choosing practically oriented (applied) tasks are determined. Interesting methods and techniques for working with younger schoolchildren at mathematics (mathematical dictations, didactic games, problem tasks, mathematical projects) that provide interdisciplinary connections are presented. It has been determined that constructing the integrated interdisciplinary lessons is intended to compress the related material of several subjects around a single topic. It is suggested to provide interdisciplinary connections through project technologies at mathematics, because the educational project plays the role of an environment in which the pupils’ basic knowledge and skills are integrated and applied with abandon, the general education skills are developed, the cognitive interests are realized. The topics of information, research and creative projects that are implemented at mathematics, in the course of which pupils not only learn the material of the topic, but also can see the area of the acquired knowledge, are presented.