Lacunae in technical translation: a cognitive approach to non-equivalent vocabulary

Abstract

This research investigates the phenomenon of lacunae in technical translation, framing them as cognitive mismatches between source and target conceptual structures rather than simple lexical absences. Against the backdrop of rapid technological integration, the study highlights the necessity for principled decision-making to maintain terminological precision within the English-Ukrainian language pair. By applying Cognitive Translation Studies constructs, the author typologises non-equivalent vocabulary and examines the mental operations involved in achieving communicative adequacy. The analysis demonstrates that effective compensation for complex terms, such as fail-safe or hardening, requires a \"frame-first\" approach that reconstructs the underlying logic of the concept. Finally, the paper proposes pedagogical strategies designed to stabilise translator choices and improve the overall coherence of technical documentation in innovation-driven sectors.